CCBP samples as of 04/30/2026. Using plasma and Parkinson’s as an example, the table should be interpreted as follow: 450 patients have Parkinson’s and at least one stored plasma aliquot sample (plasma typically stored in 6-8 aliquots), 258 patients have at least two stored plasma samples (all separated by at least one year, per our study design), and 220 patients have at least two stored plasma samples separated by at least 2.5 years. Any samples collected on the same day are counted as one.

We stopped producing a table showing the number of samples at BL, Y1, Y2, etc., because it doesn’t always reflect the true number of patients with more than one sample. The count of patients with samples three years apart includes a subgroup who have samples at Y3 and beyond. During the first 3 years of CCBP, we collected samples annually, but then shifted to collecting at BL, Y3, Y6, etc. Our first enrolled patients have samples at BL, Y1, Y2 and Y3, while others have samples at BL and Y3.

The diagnosis reflects the most recent diagnosis in our database. We do track diagnoses longitudinally, so we can identify patients who entered the study with a different initial diagnosis. Other parkinsonian disorders (3 primary progressive freezing of gait, 2 corticobasal syndrome, 1 pathology-proven corticobasal degeneration, 1 pallidoluysian atrophy, and 29 unspecified neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorders). Tremor disorders (16 essential tremor, 16 dystonic tremor, 3 isolated tremor, 2 isolated action tremor, 1 isolated action and resting tremor, 1 isolated rest tremor, and 1 orthostatic tremor). Other conditions affecting motor functions (3 dystonia ataxia syndrome, 2 neurodegenerative gait disorders under investigation, 2 isolated dystonia, 1 Fahr disease, 1 limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, 1 congenital mirror movements, 1 monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, 1 functional tremor).

We store blood in PAXgene tubes for later RNA extraction. Stool samples are collected and stored in OMNIgene-GUT OMR-200 tubes (https://www.dnagenotek.com/us/products/collection-microbiome/omnigene-gut/OMR-200). DNA stored at -20 °C; PBMC extracted immediately upon blood collection and stored in liquid nitrogen at -175 °C; plasma, blood in PAXgene tubes, urine, stool samples and CSF at -80 °C.